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Gene expression can be modulating by turning many "regulatory knobs" along the mechanism of protein production.

Constitutive Promoters

Initiators of transcription at constant levels.
Regulated Promoters

Initiators of transcription regulated by repressors, activators and inducible molecules.
Ribosome Binding Sites

Initiators of translation at constant levels.
Reporters

Measurable circuit outputs.
Terminators

Markers of transcription end, used to stop interference of a gene's transcription to and from the local genetic context.
Insulators

Sequences designed to stop interference of promoter and coding sequence parts to RBS translation rates.
Riboregulators

RNA structures designed to modulate transcription or translation based on a linear trans-RNA.
CRISPR Systems

Tools for multiplexed and orthogonal CRISPR gene regulation.
Degradation Tags

Amino-acid sequences at the end of proteins that determine degradation rates by a protease.
Post-Translational Modification Domains

Tools for fusing or cleaving protein sequences.
Recombinases

Proteins that insert, excise or re-orient DNA sequences flanked by specific recombination sites.
Origins of Replication

Plasmid regions that regulate plasmid copy number.